The O*NET® Content Model

Worker Characteristics

• Folder (closedopen) Abilities
  Enduring attributes of the individual that influence performance
  • Folder (closedopen) Cognitive Abilities
    Abilities that influence the acquisition and application of knowledge in problem solving
    • Folder (closedopen) Verbal Abilities
      Abilities that influence the acquisition and application of verbal information in problem solving
      • Oral Comprehension
        The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
        
      • Written Comprehension
        The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
        
      • Oral Expression
        The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
        
      • Written Expression
        The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
        
    • Folder (closedopen) Idea Generation and Reasoning Abilities
      Abilities that influence the application and manipulation of information in problem solving
      • Fluency of Ideas
        The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
        
      • Originality
        The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
        
      • Problem Sensitivity
        The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing that there is a problem.
        
      • Deductive Reasoning
        The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
        
      • Inductive Reasoning
        The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
        
      • Information Ordering
        The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
        
      • Category Flexibility
        The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
        
    • Folder (closedopen) Quantitative Abilities
      Abilities that influence the solution of problems involving mathematical relationships
      • Mathematical Reasoning
        The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
        
      • Number Facility
        The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
        
    • Memory
      Abilities related to the recall of available information
      • Memorization
        The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.
        
    • Folder (closedopen) Perceptual Abilities
      Abilities related to the acquisition and organization of visual information
      • Speed of Closure
        The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
        
      • Flexibility of Closure
        The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
        
      • Perceptual Speed
        The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
        
    • Folder (closedopen) Spatial Abilities
      Abilities related to the manipulation and organization of spatial information
      • Spatial Orientation
        The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.
        
      • Visualization
        The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
        
    • Folder (closedopen) Attentiveness
      Abilities related to application of attention
      • Selective Attention
        The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
        
      • Time Sharing
        The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).
        
  • Folder (closedopen) Psychomotor Abilities
    Abilities that influence the capacity to manipulate and control objects
    • Folder (closedopen) Fine Manipulative Abilities
      Abilities related to the manipulation of objects
      • Arm-Hand Steadiness
        The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
        
      • Manual Dexterity
        The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
        
      • Finger Dexterity
        The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
        
    • Folder (closedopen) Control Movement Abilities
      Abilities related to the control and manipulation of objects in time and space
      • Control Precision
        The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.
        
      • Multilimb Coordination
        The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.
        
      • Response Orientation
        The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.
        
      • Rate Control
        The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene.
        
    • Folder (closedopen) Reaction Time and Speed Abilities
      Abilities related to speed of manipulation of objects
      • Reaction Time
        The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.
        
      • Wrist-Finger Speed
        The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.
        
      • Speed of Limb Movement
        The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
        
  • Folder (closedopen) Physical Abilities
    Abilities that influence strength, endurance, flexibility, balance and coordination
    • Folder (closedopen) Physical Strength Abilities
      Abilities related to the capacity to exert force
      • Static Strength
        The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
        
      • Explosive Strength
        The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.
        
      • Dynamic Strength
        The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.
        
      • Trunk Strength
        The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without "giving out" or fatiguing.
        
    • Endurance
      The ability to exert oneself physically over long periods without getting out of breath
      • Stamina
        The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.
        
    • Folder (closedopen) Flexibility, Balance, and Coordination
      Abilities related to the control of gross body movements
      • Extent Flexibility
        The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
        
      • Dynamic Flexibility
        The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs.
        
      • Gross Body Coordination
        The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.
        
      • Gross Body Equilibrium
        The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.
        
  • Folder (closedopen) Sensory Abilities
    Abilities that influence visual, auditory and speech perception
    • Folder (closedopen) Visual Abilities
      Abilities related to visual sensory input
      • Near Vision
        The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
        
      • Far Vision
        The ability to see details at a distance.
        
      • Visual Color Discrimination
        The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness.
        
      • Night Vision
        The ability to see under low-light conditions.
        
      • Peripheral Vision
        The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are looking ahead.
        
      • Depth Perception
        The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.
        
      • Glare Sensitivity
        The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
        
    • Folder (closedopen) Auditory and Speech Abilities
      Abilities related to auditory and oral input
      • Hearing Sensitivity
        The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.
        
      • Auditory Attention
        The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.
        
      • Sound Localization
        The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
        
      • Speech Recognition
        The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
        
      • Speech Clarity
        The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
        
• Folder (closedopen) General Occupational Interests
  Preferences for work environments. Occupational Interest Profiles (OIPs) are compatible with Holland's (1997) model of personality types and work environments.
  • Realistic
    Work involves designing, building, or repairing of equipment, materials, or structures, engaging in physical activity, or working outdoors. Realistic occupations are often associated with engineering, mechanics and electronics, construction, woodworking, transportation, machine operation, agriculture, animal services, physical or manual labor, athletics, or protective services.
    
  • Investigative
    Work involves studying and researching non-living objects, living organisms, disease or other forms of impairment, or human behavior. Investigative occupations are often associated with physical, life, medical, or social sciences, and can be found in the fields of humanities, mathematics/statistics, information technology, or health care service.
    
  • Artistic
    Work involves creating original visual artwork, performances, written works, food, or music for a variety of media, or applying artistic principles to the design of various objects and materials. Artistic occupations are often associated with visual arts, applied arts and design, performing arts, music, creative writing, media, or culinary art.
    
  • Social
    Work involves helping, teaching, advising, assisting, or providing service to others. Social occupations are often associated with social, health care, personal service, teaching/education, or religious activities.
    
  • Enterprising
    Work involves managing, negotiating, marketing, or selling, typically in a business setting, or leading or advising people in political and legal situations. Enterprising occupations are often associated with business initiatives, sales, marketing/advertising, finance, management/administration, professional advising, public speaking, politics, or law.
    
  • Conventional
    Work involves following procedures and regulations to organize information or data, typically in a business setting. Conventional occupations are often associated with office work, accounting, mathematics/statistics, information technology, finance, or human resources.
    
• Folder (closedopen) Basic Occupational Interests
  Specific, homogeneous facets of interests that group together work activities that share similar properties and represent the same abstract object.
  • Mechanics/Electronics
    Work involves maintaining and repairing of machinery, such as automotive engines, electronic equipment, computers, and communication systems.
    Data not collected
  • Construction/Woodwork
    Work involves constructing, installing, or repairing structures and fixtures made of wood.
    Data not collected
  • Transportation/Machine Operation
    Work involves driving vehicles, such as vans, trucks, trains, and buses to transport people or materials. Work can also involve operating heavy equipment, such as cranes, forklifts, bulldozers, and backhoes to move materials or earth.
    Data not collected
  • Physical/Manual Labor
    Work involves manually unloading and moving freight, stock, luggage, or other materials, or performing other physical labor.
    Data not collected
  • Protective Service
    Work involves maintaining order and protecting life and property by conducting investigations and enforcing laws and regulations to prevent or solve crimes.
    Data not collected
  • Agriculture
    Work involves planting, cultivating, and harvesting crops, plants, or trees, or raising farm animals. Work can also involve preparing plant and animal products for distribution to consumers, or protecting natural resources to maximize their use in farming.
    Data not collected
  • Nature/Outdoors
    Work involves planning, restoring, and conserving natural areas and wildlife habitats.
    Data not collected
  • Animal Service
    Work involves feeding, grooming, exercising, or otherwise providing care to promote and maintain the well-being of pets and other animals in settings such as kennels, animal shelters, and zoos.
    Data not collected
  • Athletics
    Work involves training, practicing, or competing in athletic events, or supporting those participating in athletics through coaching, training, or officiating.
    Data not collected
  • Engineering
    Work involves applying science and technology to the design, building, testing, and use of electrical and electronic components, mechanical devices and machines, automotive, marine, and aerospace equipment and vehicles, materials, or structures.
    Data not collected
  • Physical Science
    Work involves studying and researching non-living objects, materials, and phenomena through scientific disciplines such as physics, chemistry, astronomy, meteorology, or geology.
    Data not collected
  • Life Science
    Work involves studying and researching living organisms through scientific disciplines such as biology, botany, zoology, microbiology, physiology, biochemistry, or zoology.
    Data not collected
  • Medical Science
    Work involves studying and researching the causes, nature, effects, and treatments of disease or other forms of impairment or illness.
    Data not collected
  • Social Science
    Work involves studying and researching human behavior, society, politics, and social relationships through scientific disciplines such as psychology, sociology, economics, or political science.
    Data not collected
  • Humanities
    Work involves studying and researching aspects of human history, culture, and language through disciplines such as history, philosophy, the language arts, or area/ethnic studies.
    Data not collected
  • Mathematics/Statistics
    Work involves developing and applying mathematics and statistical theory and methods.
    Data not collected
  • Information Technology
    Work involves designing, developing, testing, and maintaining computer software, hardware, networks, and systems.
    Data not collected
  • Visual Arts
    Work involves creating original visual artwork for a variety of media and purposes using various techniques and software.
    Data not collected
  • Applied Arts and Design
    Work involves applying artistic principles to the design and creation of various objects and materials.
    Data not collected
  • Performing Arts
    Work involves acting as a performer in dance, comedy, or dramatic productions, choreographing of dance performances, or producing of live or recorded entertainment.
    Data not collected
  • Music
    Work involves conducting, composing, or playing music or singing.
    Data not collected
  • Creative Writing
    Work involves developing creative written works, such as novels, scripts, song lyrics, poetry, stories, or advertisements.
    Data not collected
  • Media
    Work involves producing, developing, writing, directing, or presenting information through print, radio, television, or digital media.
    Data not collected
  • Culinary Art
    Work involves preparing, cooking, and presenting food in a distinctive style usually associated with a specific culture or region.
    Data not collected
  • Teaching/Education
    Work involves teaching through lectures, discussions, and demonstrations in one or more subjects.
    Data not collected
  • Social Service
    Work involves providing social services and assistance to improve the well-being and social and psychological functioning of children and adults.
    Data not collected
  • Health Care Service
    Work involves providing health care services to individuals to include the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of diseases and other forms of illness or impairment.
    Data not collected
  • Religious Activities
    Work involves conducting religious worship, leading a church or other religious group, and offering moral guidance associated with beliefs and practices of a religious faith.
    Data not collected
  • Personal Service
    Work involves providing personal services to individuals in need of non-medical assistance such as helping arrange or plan for travel, meals, or events.
    Data not collected
  • Professional Advising
    Work involves providing expert advice, coaching, and counseling on topics such as careers, educational opportunities, and educational and professional development.
    Data not collected
  • Business Initiatives
    Work involves creating strategic plans or taking actions to expand an organization's business or market share.
    Data not collected
  • Sales
    Work involves selling goods or services.
    Data not collected
  • Marketing/Advertising
    Work involves promoting or creating a public image for products, services, or organizations to attract interest, engagement, or sales.
    Data not collected
  • Finance
    Work involves directing and managing financial activities, such as planning and investments for an individual or organization to generate income.
    Data not collected
  • Accounting
    Work involves examining, analyzing, and interpreting accounting records for financial statements, or maintaining, auditing, or evaluating records and accounts.
    Data not collected
  • Human Resources
    Work involves recruiting, selecting, and training job applicants, maintaining employee personnel records, administering compensation and employee-benefit programs, and conducting employee performance reviews.
    Data not collected
  • Office Work
    Work involves clerical and administrative tasks for an organization such as answering phones, bookkeeping, updating records, scheduling appointments or meetings, and editing of documents and files.
    Data not collected
  • Management/Administration
    Work involves planning, directing, or coordinating the daily operations of an organization, and overseeing personnel, business, or administrative services.
    Data not collected
  • Public Speaking
    Work involves speaking before an audience to educate, entertain, or influence the listeners.
    Data not collected
  • Politics
    Work involves engaging in political activities to influence government policy.
    Data not collected
  • Law
    Work involves studying and applying legal knowledge.
    Data not collected
• Folder (closedopen) Work Values
  Global aspects of work composed of specific needs that are important to a person's satisfaction. Occupational Reinforcer Patterns (ORPs) are based on the Theory of Work Adjustment (Dawis & Lofquist, 1984).
  • Achievement
    Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.
    
    • Ability Utilization
      Workers on this job make use of their individual abilities.
      Data not collected
    • Achievement
      Workers on this job get a feeling of accomplishment.
      Data not collected
  • Working Conditions
    Occupations that satisfy this work value offer job security and good working conditions. Corresponding needs are Activity, Compensation, Independence, Security, Variety and Working Conditions.
    
    • Activity
      Workers on this job are busy all the time.
      Data not collected
    • Independence
      Workers on this job do their work alone.
      Data not collected
    • Variety
      Workers on this job have something different to do every day.
      Data not collected
    • Compensation
      Workers on this job are paid well in comparison with other workers.
      Data not collected
    • Security
      Workers on this job have steady employment.
      Data not collected
    • Working Conditions
      Workers on this job have good working conditions.
      Data not collected
  • Recognition
    Occupations that satisfy this work value offer advancement, potential for leadership, and are often considered prestigious. Corresponding needs are Advancement, Authority, Recognition and Social Status.
    
    • Advancement
      Workers on this job have opportunities for advancement.
      Data not collected
    • Recognition
      Workers on this job receive recognition for the work they do.
      Data not collected
    • Authority
      Workers on this job give directions and instructions to others.
      Data not collected
    • Social Status
      Workers on this job are looked up to by others in their company and their community.
      Data not collected
  • Relationships
    Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to provide service to others and work with co-workers in a friendly non-competitive environment. Corresponding needs are Co-workers, Moral Values and Social Service.
    
    • Co-workers
      Workers on this job have co-workers who are easy to get along with.
      Data not collected
    • Social Service
      Workers on this job have work where they do things for other people.
      Data not collected
    • Moral Values
      Workers on this job are never pressured to do things that go against their sense of right and wrong.
      Data not collected
  • Support
    Occupations that satisfy this work value offer supportive management that stands behind employees. Corresponding needs are Company Policies, Supervision: Human Relations and Supervision: Technical.
    
    • Company Policies and Practices
      Workers on this job are treated fairly by the company.
      Data not collected
    • Supervision, Human Relations
      Workers on this job have supervisors who back up their workers with management.
      Data not collected
    • Supervision, Technical
      Workers on this job have supervisors who train their workers well.
      Data not collected
  • Independence
    Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy.
    
    • Creativity
      Workers on this job try out their own ideas.
      Data not collected
    • Responsibility
      Workers on this job make decisions on their own.
      Data not collected
    • Autonomy
      Workers on this job plan their work with little supervision.
      Data not collected
• Folder (closedopen) Work Styles
  Personal characteristics that can affect how well someone performs a job.
  • Folder (closedopen) Achievement Orientation
    Job requires personal goal setting, trying to succeed at those goals, and striving to be competent in own work
    • Achievement/Effort
      Job requires establishing and maintaining personally challenging achievement goals and exerting effort toward mastering tasks.
      
    • Persistence
      Job requires persistence in the face of obstacles.
      
    • Initiative
      Job requires a willingness to take on responsibilities and challenges.
      
  • Social Influence
    Job requires having an impact on others in the organization, and displaying energy and leadership
    • Leadership
      Job requires a willingness to lead, take charge, and offer opinions and direction.
      
  • Folder (closedopen) Interpersonal Orientation
    Job requires being pleasant, cooperative, sensitive to others, easy to get along with, and having a preference for associating with other organization members
    • Cooperation
      Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude.
      
    • Concern for Others
      Job requires being sensitive to others' needs and feelings and being understanding and helpful on the job.
      
    • Social Orientation
      Job requires preferring to work with others rather than alone, and being personally connected with others on the job.
      
  • Folder (closedopen) Adjustment
    Job requires maturity, poise, flexibility, and restraint to cope with pressure, stress, criticism, setbacks, personal and work-related problems, etc.
    • Self-Control
      Job requires maintaining composure, keeping emotions in check, controlling anger, and avoiding aggressive behavior, even in very difficult situations.
      
    • Stress Tolerance
      Job requires accepting criticism and dealing calmly and effectively with high-stress situations.
      
    • Adaptability/Flexibility
      Job requires being open to change (positive or negative) and to considerable variety in the workplace.
      
  • Folder (closedopen) Conscientiousness
    Job requires dependability, commitment to doing the job correctly and carefully, and being trustworthy, accountable, and attentive to details
    • Dependability
      Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfilling obligations.
      
    • Attention to Detail
      Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks.
      
    • Integrity
      Job requires being honest and ethical.
      
  • Independence
    Job requires developing one's own ways of doing things, guiding oneself with little or no supervision, and depending on oneself to get things done.
    
  • Folder (closedopen) Practical Intelligence
    Job requires generating useful ideas and thinking things through logically
    • Innovation
      Job requires creativity and alternative thinking to develop new ideas for and answers to work-related problems.
      
    • Analytical Thinking
      Job requires analyzing information and using logic to address work-related issues and problems.
      

Worker Requirements

• Folder (closedopen) Basic Skills
  Developed capacities that facilitate learning or the more rapid acquisition of knowledge
  • Folder (closedopen) Content
    Background structures needed to work with and acquire more specific skills in a variety of different domains
    • Reading Comprehension
      Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
      
    • Active Listening
      Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
      
    • Writing
      Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
      
    • Speaking
      Talking to others to convey information effectively.
      
    • Mathematics
      Using mathematics to solve problems.
      
    • Science
      Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
      
  • Folder (closedopen) Process
    Procedures that contribute to the more rapid acquisition of knowledge and skill across a variety of domains
    • Critical Thinking
      Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
      
    • Active Learning
      Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
      
    • Learning Strategies
      Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
      
    • Monitoring
      Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
      
• Folder (closedopen) Cross-Functional Skills
  Developed capacities that facilitate performance of activities that occur across jobs
  • Folder (closedopen) Social Skills
    Developed capacities used to work with people to achieve goals
    • Social Perceptiveness
      Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
      
    • Coordination
      Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
      
    • Persuasion
      Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
      
    • Negotiation
      Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
      
    • Instructing
      Teaching others how to do something.
      
    • Service Orientation
      Actively looking for ways to help people.
      
  • Complex Problem Solving Skills
    Developed capacities used to solve novel, ill-defined problems in complex, real-world settings
    • Complex Problem Solving
      Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
      
  • Folder (closedopen) Technical Skills
    Developed capacities used to design, set-up, operate, and correct malfunctions involving application of machines or technological systems
    • Operations Analysis
      Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
      
    • Technology Design
      Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
      
    • Equipment Selection
      Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
      
    • Installation
      Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
      
    • Programming
      Writing computer programs for various purposes.
      
    • Operations Monitoring
      Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
      
    • Operation and Control
      Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
      
    • Equipment Maintenance
      Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.
      
    • Troubleshooting
      Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
      
    • Repairing
      Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
      
    • Quality Control Analysis
      Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
      
  • Folder (closedopen) Systems Skills
    Developed capacities used to understand, monitor, and improve socio-technical systems
    • Judgment and Decision Making
      Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
      
    • Systems Analysis
      Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
      
    • Systems Evaluation
      Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
      
  • Folder (closedopen) Resource Management Skills
    Developed capacities used to allocate resources efficiently
    • Time Management
      Managing one's own time and the time of others.
      
    • Management of Financial Resources
      Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.
      
    • Management of Material Resources
      Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work.
      
    • Management of Personnel Resources
      Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
      
• Folder (closedopen) Knowledge
  Organized sets of principles and facts applying in general domains
  • Folder (closedopen) Business and Management
    Knowledge of principles and facts related to business administration and accounting, human and material resource management in organizations, sales and marketing, economics, and office information and organizing systems
    • Administration and Management
      Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
      
    • Administrative
      Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and workplace terminology.
      
    • Economics and Accounting
      Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
      
    • Sales and Marketing
      Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
      
    • Customer and Personal Service
      Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
      
    • Personnel and Human Resources
      Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
      
  • Folder (closedopen) Manufacturing and Production
    Knowledge of principles and facts related to the production, processing, storage, and distribution of manufactured and agricultural goods
    • Production and Processing
      Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
      
    • Food Production
      Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.
      
  • Folder (closedopen) Engineering and Technology
    Knowledge of the design, development, and application of technology for specific purposes.
    • Computers and Electronics
      Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
      
    • Engineering and Technology
      Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
      
    • Design
      Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
      
    • Building and Construction
      Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
      
    • Mechanical
      Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
      
  • Folder (closedopen) Mathematics and Science
    Knowledge of the history, theories, methods, and applications of the physical, biological, social, mathematical, and geography
    • Mathematics
      Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
      
    • Physics
      Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub-atomic structures and processes.
      
    • Chemistry
      Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
      
    • Biology
      Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
      
    • Psychology
      Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
      
    • Sociology and Anthropology
      Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures, and their history and origins.
      
    • Geography
      Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
      
  • Folder (closedopen) Health Services
    Knowledge of principles and facts regarding diagnosing, curing, and preventing disease, and improving and preserving physical and mental health and well-being
    • Medicine and Dentistry
      Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
      
    • Therapy and Counseling
      Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.
      
  • Education and Training
    Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
    
  • Folder (closedopen) Arts and Humanities
    Knowledge of facts and principles related to the branches of learning concerned with human thought, language, and the arts.
    • English Language
      Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, and rules of composition and grammar.
      
    • Foreign Language
      Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.
      
    • Fine Arts
      Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
      
    • History and Archeology
      Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
      
    • Philosophy and Theology
      Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
      
  • Folder (closedopen) Law and Public Safety
    Knowledge of regulations and methods for maintaining people and property free from danger, injury, or damage; the rules of public conduct established and enforced by legislation, and the political process establishing such rules.
    • Public Safety and Security
      Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
      
    • Law and Government
      Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
      
  • Folder (closedopen) Communications
    Knowledge of the science and art of delivering information
    • Telecommunications
      Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
      
    • Communications and Media
      Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
      
  • Transportation
    Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.
    
• Folder (closedopen) Education
  Prior educational experience required to perform in a job
  • Required Level of Education
    The level of education required to perform a job.
    
  • Job-Related Professional Certification
    Certification: A credential awarded by a certification body based on an individual demonstrating through an examination process that he or she has acquired the designated knowledge, skills, and abilities to perform a specific job.
    • Job-Related Professional Certification
      Possession of an occupational or industry certification to perform the job.
      
  • Instructional Program Required
    The instructional program required for this job
    
  • Folder (closedopen) Education Level in Specific Subjects
    The amount of education required in 15 subject areas to perform in a job. Subject areas cover most of the courses that occur in high school, junior college, college undergraduate degree programs, and other education and training programs
    • Technical Vocational
      Courses focus on non-business technical skills, such as Agriculture, Industrial Arts, Automobile and Shop, and Electronics
      Data not collected
    • Business Vocational
      Courses focus on basic business skills, such as Word Processing, Filing, Bookkeeping/Basic Accounting
      Data not collected
    • English/language Arts
      Courses focus on reading, interpretation, and writing, such as Literature, Composition, Journalism, and Creative Writing
      Data not collected
    • Oral Communication
      Courses focus on oral communication and speech, such as Oral Communication, Speech, and Interpersonal Communication
      Data not collected
    • Languages
      Courses focus on reading, writing, and/or speaking languages other than English, such as French, Chinese, German, Japanese, Latin, Russian, and Spanish
      Data not collected
    • Basic Math
      Courses focus on basic and applied math, such as General Math and Business Math
      Data not collected
    • Advanced Math
      Courses focus on advanced topics in math, such as Algebra, Geometry, Calculus, and Statistics
      Data not collected
    • Physical Science
      Courses focus on the study of matter and/or energy, such as Physics, Chemistry, and Astronomy
      Data not collected
    • Computer Science
      Courses focus on computers and their uses, such as Programming, Information Systems Management, and Software Applications
      Data not collected
    • Biological Science
      Courses focus on the study of life and living beings, such as life science, biology, anatomy and physiology
      Data not collected
    • Applied Science
      Courses focus on the application of science, such as Engineering, Health, and Medicine
      Data not collected
    • Social Science
      Courses focus on the behavioral sciences, such as Social Studies, Economics, History, Psychology, and Sociology
      Data not collected
    • Arts
      Courses focus on visual and performing arts, such as Arts and Crafts, Music, Painting, Sculpture, Theater, and Voice
      Data not collected
    • Humanities
      Courses focus on cultural and philosophical aspects of humans, such as Minority Studies, Philosophy, and Religion
      Data not collected
    • Physical Education
      Courses focus on physical fitness and sports, such as Aerobics, Jogging, Weight Lifting, and Specific Sports
      Data not collected

Experience Requirements

• Folder (closedopen) Experience and Training
  If someone were being hired to perform this job, how much of the following would be required?
  • Related Work Experience
    Amount of related work experience required to get hired for the job?
    
  • On-Site or In-Plant Training
    Amount of on-site or in-plant training (e.g., organized class room instruction) required to perform the job?
    
  • On-the-Job Training
    Amount of on the job training required to perform the job?
    
  • Apprenticeship
    Apprenticeship is a combination of on-the-job training and related instruction in which workers learn the practical and theoretical aspects of a highly skilled occupation. Apprenticeship programs can be sponsored by individual employers, joint employer and labor groups, and/or employer associations.
    • Job-related Apprenticeship
      Completion of a job-related apprenticeship to perform the job.
      
• Folder (closedopen) Basic Skills - Entry Requirement
  Entry requirement for developed capacities that facilitate learning or the more rapid acquisition of knowledge
  • Folder (closedopen) Content - Entry Requirement
    Entry requirement for background structures needed to work with and acquire more specific skills in a variety of different domains
    • Reading Comprehension - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents
      Data not collected
    • Active Listening - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for listening to what other people are saying and asking questions as appropriate
      Data not collected
    • Writing - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for communicating effectively with others in writing as indicated by the needs of the audience
      Data not collected
    • Speaking - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for talking to others to effectively convey information
      Data not collected
    • Mathematics - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for using mathematics to solve problems
      Data not collected
    • Science - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for using scientific methods to solve problems
      Data not collected
  • Folder (closedopen) Process - Entry Requirement
    Entry requirement for procedures that contribute to the more rapid acquisition of knowledge and skill across a variety of domains
    • Critical Thinking - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for using logic and analysis to identify the strengths and weaknesses in different approaches
      Data not collected
    • Active Learning - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for working with new material or information to grasp its implications
      Data not collected
    • Learning Strategies - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for using multiple approaches when learning or teaching new things
      Data not collected
    • Monitoring - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for assessing how well one is doing when learning or doing something
      Data not collected
• Folder (closedopen) Cross-Functional Skills - Entry Requirement
  Entry requirement for developed capacities that facilitate performance of activities that occur across jobs
  • Folder (closedopen) Social Skills - Entry Requirement
    Entry requirement for developed capacities used to work with people to achieve goals
    • Social Perceptiveness - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react the way they do
      Data not collected
    • Coordination - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for adjusting actions in relation to others' actions
      Data not collected
    • Persuasion - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for persuading others to approach things differently
      Data not collected
    • Negotiation - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for bring others together and trying to reconcile differences
      Data not collected
    • Instructing - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for teaching others how to do something
      Data not collected
    • Service Orientation - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for actively looking for ways to help people
      Data not collected
  • Folder (closedopen) Complex Problem Solving Skills - Entry Requirement
    Entry requirement for developed capacities used to solve novel, ill-defined problems in complex, real-world settings
    • Problem Identification - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for identifying the nature of problems
      Data not collected
    • Information Gathering - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for knowing how to find information and identifying essential information
      Data not collected
    • Information Organization - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for finding ways to structure or classify multiple pieces of information
      Data not collected
    • Synthesis/Reorganization - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for reorganizing information to get a better approach to problems or tasks
      Data not collected
    • Idea Generation - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for generating a number of different approaches to problems
      Data not collected
    • Idea Evaluation - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for evaluating the likely success of an idea in relation to the demands of the situation
      Data not collected
    • Implementation Planning - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for developing approaches for implementing an idea
      Data not collected
    • Solution Appraisal - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for observing and evaluating the outcomes of a problem solution to identify lessons learned or redirect efforts
      Data not collected
  • Folder (closedopen) Technical Skills - Entry Requirement
    Entry requirement for developed capacities used to design, set-up, operate, and correct malfunctions involving application of machines or technological systems
    • Operations Analysis - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design
      Data not collected
    • Technology Design - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs
      Data not collected
    • Equipment Selection - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job
      Data not collected
    • Installation - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications
      Data not collected
    • Programming - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for writing computer programs for various purposes
      Data not collected
    • Testing - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for conducting tests to determine whether equipment, software, or procedures are operating as expected
      Data not collected
    • Operation Monitoring - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly
      Data not collected
    • Operation and Control - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for controlling operations of equipment or systems
      Data not collected
    • Product Inspection - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for inspecting and evaluating the quality of products
      Data not collected
    • Equipment Maintenance - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for performing routine maintenance and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed
      Data not collected
    • Troubleshooting - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for determining what is causing an operating error and deciding what to do about it
      Data not collected
    • Repairing - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for repairing machines or systems using the needed tools
      Data not collected
  • Folder (closedopen) Systems Skills - Entry Requirement
    Entry requirement for developed capacities used to understand, monitor, and improve socio-technical systems
    • Visioning - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for developing an image of how a system should work under ideal conditions
      Data not collected
    • Systems Perception - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for determining when important changes have occurred in a system or are likely to occur
      Data not collected
    • Identifying Downstream Consequences - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for determining the long-term outcomes of a change in operations
      Data not collected
    • Identification of Key Causes - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for identifying the things that must be changed to achieve a goal
      Data not collected
    • Judgment and Decision Making - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for weighing the relative costs and benefits of a potential action
      Data not collected
    • System Evaluation - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for looking at many indicators of system performance, taking into account their accuracy
      Data not collected
  • Folder (closedopen) Resource Management Skills - Entry Requirement
    Entry requirement for developed capacities used to allocate resources efficiently
    • Time Management - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for managing one's own time and the time of others
      Data not collected
    • Management of Financial Resources - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures
      Data not collected
    • Management of Material Resources - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work
      Data not collected
    • Management of Personnel Resources - Entry Requirement
      Entry requirement for motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job
      Data not collected
• Folder (closedopen) Licensing
  Licenses, certificates, or registrations that are awarded to show that a job holder has gained certain skills. This includes requirements for obtaining these credentials, and the organization or agency requiring their possession.
  • License, Certificate, or Registration Required
    At least one license, certificate, or registration is required to perform in this job, including a driver's or vehicle operator's license. The specific license(s), certificate(s), or registration(s) are listed.
    
  • Folder (closedopen) Specific License or Certificate Required
    Specific education, training, examination, or other requirements for obtaining the licenses, certificates, or registration needed to perform in this job
    • Post-Secondary Degree
      Obtaining the licenses, certificates, or registration needed to perform in this job requires a post-secondary degree, for example an Associate's or Bachelor's degree.
      Data not collected
    • Graduate Degree
      Obtaining the licenses, certificates, or registration needed to perform in this job requires a graduate degree, for example, a Master's or Doctoral degree.
      Data not collected
    • On-the-Job Training
      Obtaining the licenses, certificates, or registration needed to perform in this job requires on-the-job training, including apprenticeships, internships, and other supervised experiences.
      Data not collected
    • Examination
      Obtaining the licenses, certificates, or registration needed to perform in this job requires an examination, for example, written, oral, or performance assessments.
      Data not collected
    • Character References
      Obtaining the licenses, certificates, or registration needed to perform in this job requires one or more character references from other individuals.
      Data not collected
  • Additional Education and Training
    Retaining the licenses, certificates, or registration needed to perform in this job requires additional course work.
    
  • Folder (closedopen) Organization and Agency Requirements
    Organizations or agencies requiring the specific licenses, certificates, or registration needed to perform in a job
    • Legal Requirement
      Federal, state, or local law requires possessing specific licenses, certificates, or registration for performance in this job.
      Data not collected
    • Employer Requirement
      Employers require possessing specific licenses, certificates, or registration for performance in this job.
      Data not collected
    • Union, Guild, or Professional Association
      A union or professional association requires possessing specific licenses, certificates, or registration for performance in this job.
      Data not collected

Occupational Requirements

• Folder (closedopen) Generalized Work Activities
  Work activities that are common across a very large number of occupations. They are performed in almost all job families and industries.
  • Folder (closedopen) Information Input
    Where and how are the information and data gained that are needed to perform this job?
    • Folder (closedopen) Looking for and Receiving Job-Related Information
      How is information obtained to perform this job?
      • Getting Information
        Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
        
      • Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings
        Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
        
    • Folder (closedopen) Identifying and Evaluating Job-Relevant Information
      How is information interpreted to perform this job?
      • Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events
        Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
        
      • Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials
        Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
        
      • Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information
        Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
        
  • Folder (closedopen) Mental Processes
    What processing, planning, problem-solving, decision-making, and innovating activities are performed with job-relevant information?
    • Folder (closedopen) Information and Data Processing
      How is information processed to perform this job?
      • Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People
        Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
        
      • Processing Information
        Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
        
      • Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards
        Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
        
      • Analyzing Data or Information
        Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
        
    • Folder (closedopen) Reasoning and Decision Making
      What decisions are made and problems solved in performing this job?
      • Making Decisions and Solving Problems
        Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
        
      • Thinking Creatively
        Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
        
      • Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge
        Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
        
      • Developing Objectives and Strategies
        Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
        
      • Scheduling Work and Activities
        Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
        
      • Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work
        Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
        
  • Folder (closedopen) Work Output
    What physical activities are performed, what equipment and vehicles are operated/controlled, and what complex/technical activities are accomplished as job outputs?
    • Folder (closedopen) Performing Physical and Manual Work Activities
      What activities using the body and hands are done to perform this job?
      • Performing General Physical Activities
        Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling materials.
        
      • Handling and Moving Objects
        Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
        
      • Controlling Machines and Processes
        Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
        
      • Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment
        Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or watercraft.
        
    • Folder (closedopen) Performing Complex and Technical Activities
      What skilled activities using coordinated movements are done to perform this job?
      • Working with Computers
        Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
        
      • Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment
        Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.
        
      • Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment
        Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.
        
      • Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment
        Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
        
      • Documenting/Recording Information
        Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
        
  • Folder (closedopen) Interacting With Others
    What interactions with other persons or supervisory activities occur while performing this job?
    • Folder (closedopen) Communicating and Interacting
      What interactions with other people occur while performing this job?
      • Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others
        Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
        
      • Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates
        Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
        
      • Communicating with People Outside the Organization
        Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
        
      • Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships
        Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
        
      • Assisting and Caring for Others
        Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
        
      • Selling or Influencing Others
        Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.
        
      • Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others
        Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
        
      • Performing for or Working Directly with the Public
        Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
        
    • Folder (closedopen) Coordinating, Developing, Managing, and Advising
      What coordinating, managerial, or advisory activities are done while performing this job?
      • Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others
        Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
        
      • Developing and Building Teams
        Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
        
      • Training and Teaching Others
        Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
        
      • Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates
        Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
        
      • Coaching and Developing Others
        Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
        
      • Providing Consultation and Advice to Others
        Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
        
    • Folder (closedopen) Administering
      What administrative, staffing, monitoring, or controlling activities are done while performing this job?
      • Performing Administrative Activities
        Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
        
      • Staffing Organizational Units
        Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization.
        
      • Monitoring and Controlling Resources
        Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
        
• Folder (closedopen) Intermediate Work Activities
  Work activities that are common across many occupations. They are performed in many job families and industries.
  • Intermediate Work Activities List
    List of intermediate work activities for each occupation
    
• Folder (closedopen) Detailed Work Activities
  Specific work activities that are performed across a small to moderate number of occupations within a job family.
  • Detailed Work Activities List
    List of detailed work activities for each occupation
    
• Folder (closedopen) Organizational Context
  Characteristics of the organization that influence how people do their work
  • Folder (closedopen) Structural Characteristics
    A functional subsystem of organization structure subsuming constructs of (a) organizational structure, and (b) human resources systems and practices
    • Folder (closedopen) Organizational Structure
      The architecture or anatomy of an organization, affecting the behavior of organizational members as well as the ability of organizations to adapt effectively to their environments. Elements of organizational structure include the hierarchy of the organization, the degree of centralization, and the nature of work groups used to accomplish organizational objectives
      • Folder (closedopen) Decision Making System
        The amount of autonomy and involvement in decision making that employees have
        • Folder (closedopen) Decentralization and Employee Empowerment
          Indicates the degree to which employees are provided with different types of information and participate in decision-making
          • Have Control Over Unit or Department
            You have a great deal of control over what happens in your unit or department
            Data not collected
          • Have Influence Over Decisions
            You have a great deal of influence over decisions that are made in your unit or department.
            Data not collected
          • Monitor Data on Quality/Costs/Waste/etc.
            You monitor data on quality, costs, waste, and productivity
            Data not collected
          • Determine Work Flow or Order of Tasks
            You determine work flow or the order in which tasks are performed
            Data not collected
          • Invest in New Equipment and Technology
            You invest in new equipment and technology
            Data not collected
          • Develop New Products, Services, and Procedures
            You develop new products, services, and procedures
            Data not collected
        • Individual versus Team Structure
          Identifies the extent to which employees work in intact teams
          • Percent of Time in Intact Team
            Approximately what percentage of your time do you spend working in an intact team? By intact team we mean a group of 3 or more employees who are jointly responsible for whole work processes and work toward shared goals (e.g., production team; development team; project team).
            Data not collected
      • Folder (closedopen) Job Characteristics
        Indicates the level of skill variety, task significance, task identity, autonomy, and feedback in this job
        • Folder (closedopen) Skill Variety
          The variety of skills required of people in this job
          • Job Variety
            How much variety is there in your job? That is, to what extent does the job require you to do many different things at work, using a variety of your skills and talents?
            Data not collected
          • Complex or High Level Skills Required
            Your job requires you to use a number of complex or high-level skills.
            Data not collected
          • Variety of Tasks Required
            Your job requires you to perform a variety of tasks.
            Data not collected
        • Folder (closedopen) Task Significance
          The importance or significance of the tasks performed on this job, as reflected by its effect on the lives or well-being of others
          • Significance or Importance of Job
            In general, how significant or important is your job? That is, are the results of your work likely to significantly affect the lives or well-being of other people?
            Data not collected
          • Job Quality Affects Lots of People
            Your job is one where a lot of people can be affected by how well the work gets done.
            Data not collected
          • Job Itself Is Very Significant
            Your job itself is very significant and important in the broader scheme of things.
            Data not collected
        • Folder (closedopen) Task Identity
          The extent to which tasks performed on this job can be perceived as contributing to the final product
          • Job Involves Whole Piece of Work
            To what extent does your job involve doing a 'whole' and identifiable piece of work? That is, is the job a complete piece of work that has an obvious beginning and end? Or is it only a small part of the overall piece of work, which is finished by other people or automatic machines? (If your job involves many different tasks or pieces of work, try to think about your typical tasks or the tasks you spend the most time on.)
            Data not collected
          • Can Do Entire Piece of Work
            Your job is arranged so that you can do an entire piece of work from beginning to end.
            Data not collected
          • Can Finish What You Start
            Your job provides you a chance to completely finish the piece of work you began.
            Data not collected
        • Folder (closedopen) Autonomy
          The amount of freedom in the job, as reflected in a person being able to exercise personal initiative and judgment in task performance
          • Autonomy and Freedom in Job
            How much autonomy and freedom are there in your job? That is, to what extent does your job permit you to decide on your own how to go about doing your job?
            Data not collected
          • Chance for Initiative and Judgment
            Your job gives you a chance to use your personal initiative and judgment in carrying out the work.
            Data not collected
          • Opportunity for Independence and Freedom
            Your job gives you considerable opportunity for independence and freedom in how you do your job.
            Data not collected
        • Folder (closedopen) Feedback
          The extent to which this job provides information about how well one is performing
          • Extent of Feedback From Doing Job Itself
            To what extent does doing the job itself provide you with information about your work performance? That is, does the actual work itself provide clues about how well you are doing--aside from any 'feedback' co-workers or supervisors may provide?
            Data not collected
          • Doing Job Provides Chances for Feedback
            Just doing the job provides many chances for you to figure out how well you are doing.
            Data not collected
          • After Finishing Job, Know Own Performance
            After you finish a job, you know whether you performed well.
            Data not collected
      • Folder (closedopen) Job Stability and Rotation
        The amount of stability in the job and the extent of job rotation
        • Number of Supervisors in Past Year
          How many different supervisors have you had in the past year?
          Data not collected
        • Number of Work Teams in Past Year
          Approximately how many different work teams have you belonged to during the past year?
          Data not collected
        • Number of Work Group Reorganizations in Past Year
          In the past year, how many times has your primary work group gone through some kind of reorganization?
          Data not collected
        • Number of Times Nature of Job Changed
          In the past year, how many times has the nature of your job duties changed dramatically?
          Data not collected
        • Job Rotation Practices
          Which statement best describes the job rotation practices in your job and your work group?
          Data not collected
    • Folder (closedopen) Human Resources Systems and Practices
      Organizational practices and policies designed to ensure that an organization has employees who are capable of meeting its goals
      • Folder (closedopen) Recruitment and Selection
        Organizational practices, decisions, and processes that affect (a) the capability of an organization to make hiring, promotion, and other personnel decisions, and (b) the number or types of individuals who are willing to apply for or accept a given vacancy
        • Recruitment Operations
          Activities involved in implementing recruitment plans (e.g., selecting sources, realistic job preview)
          • Sources of People for Current Job
            Which of the sources listed below are used to recruit people for your current job?
            Data not collected
        • Selection Assessment Methods Used
          The methods used for selection or promotion of employees
          • Assessment Methods Used to Select for Job
            Which of the following assessment methods are used to select people for your current job?
            Data not collected
      • Folder (closedopen) Training and Development
        The systematic acquisition of attitudes, concepts, knowledge, roles, or skills that result in improved performance at work
        • Training Methods
          The methods used in training programs
          • Training Methods Used in Company
            Which of the following training methods have been used in company training courses you have attended in the last two years?
            Data not collected
        • Training Topics and Content
          What trainers intend to teach trainees through training programs
          • Areas of Recent Formal Training
            In which of the following content areas have you received formal training in the last two years?
            Data not collected
        • Extent and Support of Training Activities
          The extent to which an organization makes training available to its employees and provides financial support for training activities
          • Recent Technical Skill Training
            In the last two years, how often have you attended company sponsored job-related technical training (i.e., technical skill training)?
            Data not collected
      • Folder (closedopen) Reward System
        Monetary compensation and monetary and non-monetary benefits organizations provide to their employees
        • Basis of Compensation
          The extent to which organizations reward individuals based on: (a) their knowledge, skills, and performance, (b) seniority, (c) team performance, (d) organizational performance, and (e) job attributes
          • Compensation Package Components
            Which of the following is part of your compensation package (i.e., pay)?
            Data not collected
        • Benefits
          The extent to which employees' compensation includes benefits such as pensions, insurance, paid leave, awards and bonuses, pay for time not worked, etc.
          • Benefit Components
            Which of the following is part of your benefits?
            Data not collected
  • Folder (closedopen) Social Processes
    A functional subsystem of organization structure subsuming processes linking people (employees) to their work and to each other and includes elements such as values, goals, leadership, and roles
    • Folder (closedopen) Goals
      Individual goal setting.
      • Folder (closedopen) Individual Goal Characteristics
        The extent to which an individual's goal is made explicit, and the probability that an individual can attain the goal
        • Achieve Most Important Individual Goal
          Realistically, the probability that you will achieve your most important individual work goal this year is:
          Data not collected
        • How Many Quantitative Individual Goals
          How many of your individual work goals are quantitative (e.g., selling $100,000 worth of merchandise as opposed to selling as much merchandise as possible).
          Data not collected
      • Folder (closedopen) Goal Feedback
        The extent to which an individual is given periodic feedback regarding his or her progress against a goal
        • How Many Specific Individual Goals
          How many of your individual work goals are specific -- that is, you will know exactly when you have achieved them?
          Data not collected
        • When Get Information on Individual Goals
          How often do you get information regarding how close you are to achieving your most important individual work goal (for example, an interim financial report or data on number of units sold)?
          Data not collected
        • Informal, Job-Relevant Feedback
          To what extent do you receive informal, job-relevant feedback from your supervisor?
          Data not collected
        • Meet One-on-One With Supervisor on Goals, Training, and Development
          During the past year, how often have you met one-on-one with your immediate supervisor to discuss issues such as your performance, goals, training and development?
          Data not collected
    • Folder (closedopen) Roles
      Characteristics of job incumbents' roles, such as the extent to which they involve conflict and overload
      • Folder (closedopen) Role Conflict
        The extent to which an individual has to deal with conflicting demands
        • Often Receive Conflicting Requests
          You often receive conflicting requests from two or more people at work.
          Data not collected
        • Work With Groups With Different Focuses
          You work with two or more groups who want you to focus on different things.
          Data not collected
        • You and Your Supervisor Agree About Job
          You and your supervisor agree about what your job should be.
          Data not collected
        • Supervisor Makes Conflicting Requests
          Your supervisor often asks you to do two or more things that conflict (for example, save a large amount of money while at the same time dramatically increasing quality).
          Data not collected
      • Folder (closedopen) Role Negotiability
        The extent to which an individual can negotiate his/her role in an organization
        • Negotiate Changes in Role with Supervisor
          You have negotiated changes in the nature of your role at work with your supervisor.
          Data not collected
        • Significant Input Into Way You Do Job
          You have significant input into the way you do your job.
          Data not collected
      • Folder (closedopen) Role Overload
        A discrepancy between the job's demands and one's ability to meet those demands
        • Get Assignments without Adequate Resources
          You receive assignments at work without adequate resources and materials to complete them properly.
          Data not collected
        • Given Enough Time to Do Work
          You are given enough time to do what is expected of you at work.
          Data not collected
        • Too Much for One Person to Do
          It often seems like you have too much work for one person to do.
          Data not collected
    • Culture
      Patterns of behaviors and social relationships reflecting the assumptions, values, norms, and artifacts shared by members of the organization
      • Organizational Values
        Indicates the importance of different organizational values such as tradition, stability, innovation, and collaboration
        • Folder (closedopen) Guiding Principles of Organization
          How important are each of the following concepts, or values, as a guiding principle for your organization as a whole.
          • Taking Chances; Going Out on a Limb
            Taking chances; going out on a limb
            Data not collected
          • Fairness; Justice
            Fairness; justice
            Data not collected
          • Precision
            Precision; paying attention to even the smallest details
            Data not collected
          • Stability
            Stability; keeping things on an even keel
            Data not collected
          • Getting Things Done
            Getting things done; taking decisive or quick action
            Data not collected
          • Caring About Employees
            Caring about employees; showing concern for their well-being
            Data not collected
          • Innovation
            Innovation; finding new and better ways of doing things; openness to new ideas
            Data not collected
          • Aggressiveness
            Aggressiveness; forcefully going after what you want
            Data not collected
          • Valuing Customers
            Valuing customers; emphasizing customer service
            Data not collected
          • Providing High Quality Products
            Providing high quality products or services; meeting high standards of excellence
            Data not collected
          • Openness and Honesty
            Openness; honesty; keeping employees well informed
            Data not collected
          • Flexibility, Adapting to Change
            Flexibility, adapting to change
            Data not collected
    • Folder (closedopen) Supervisor Role
      The nature of supervisory leadership
      • Supervisor Friendly and Supportive
        To what extent does your supervisor act in a friendly and supportive manner? For example, does he/she show concern for members of your work group and respect for your ideas?
        Data not collected
      • Supervisor Takes Active Role
        To what extent does your supervisor take an active role in directing your work group's activities by setting goals, planning and scheduling work, assigning tasks, and making sure that each person knows what he/she should be doing?
        Data not collected
      • Supervisor Provides Clear Vision
        To what extent does your supervisor provide members of your work group with a clear vision of where the group is going and keep everyone fully committed to the work at hand?
        Data not collected
      • Supervisor Solves Problems
        To what extent does your supervisor quickly and effectively solve problems, even difficult problems, that come up in your work group?
        Data not collected
• Folder (closedopen) Work Context
  Physical and social factors that influence the nature of work
  • Folder (closedopen) Interpersonal Relationships
    This category describes the context of the job in terms of human interaction processes
    • Folder (closedopen) Communication
      Types and frequency of interactions with other people that are required as part of this job.
      • Folder (closedopen) Communication Methods
        How frequently does this job require the use of the following communication methods?
        • Public Speaking
          How frequently does your job require public speaking (one speaker with an audience)?
          
        • Telephone Conversations
          How often do you have telephone conversations in this job?
          
        • E-Mail
          How frequently does your job require you to use E-mail?
          
        • Written Letters and Memos
          How frequently does your job require written letters and memos?
          
        • Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams
          How frequently does your job require face-to-face discussions with individuals and within teams?
          
      • Contact With Others
        How much does this job require the worker to be in contact with others (face-to-face, by telephone, or otherwise) in order to perform it?
        
    • Role Relationships
      Importance of different types of interactions with others both inside and outside the organization
      • Folder (closedopen) Job Interactions
        How important are interactions requiring the worker to:
        • Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team
          How important is it to work with or contribute to a work group or team in this job?
          
        • Deal With External Customers or the Public in General
          How important is it to deal with external customers (as in retail sales) or the public in general (as in police work) in this job?
          
        • Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities
          How important is it to coordinate or lead others (not as a supervisor or team leader) in accomplishing work activities in this job?
          
    • Folder (closedopen) Responsibility for Others
      Amount of responsibility the worker has for other workers as a part of this job
      • Health and Safety of Other Workers
        How much responsibility is there for the health and safety of others in this job?
        
      • Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers
        How responsible is the worker for work outcomes and results of other workers?
        
    • Folder (closedopen) Conflictual Contact
      Amount of conflict that the worker will encounter as part of this job
      • Conflict Situations
        How frequently are there conflict situations the employee has to face in this job?
        
      • Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People
        How frequently does the worker have to deal with unpleasant, angry, or discourteous individuals as part of the job requirements?
        
      • Dealing with Violent or Physically Aggressive People
        How frequently does this job require the worker to deal with physical aggression of violent individuals?
        
  • Folder (closedopen) Physical Work Conditions
    This category describes the work context as it relates to the interactions between the worker and the physical job environment
    • Folder (closedopen) Work Setting
      Description of physical surroundings that the worker will face as part of this job
      • Folder (closedopen) Frequency Required to Work:
        How frequently does this job require the worker to work:
        • Indoors, Environmentally Controlled
          How often does this job require working indoors in an environmentally controlled environment (like a warehouse with air conditioning)?
          
        • Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled
          How often does this job require working in an environment that is not environmentally controlled (like a warehouse without air conditioning)?
          
        • Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions
          How often does this job require working outdoors, exposed to all weather conditions?
          
        • Outdoors, Under Cover
          How often does this job require working outdoors, under cover (like in an open shed)?
          
        • In an Open Vehicle or Operating Equipment
          How often does this job require working in an open vehicle or operating equipment (like a tractor)?
          
        • In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment
          How often does this job require working in a closed vehicle or operate enclosed equipment (like a car)?
          
      • Physical Proximity
        To what extent does this job require the worker to perform job tasks physically close to other people?
        
    • Environmental Conditions
      Description of extreme environmental conditions the worker will be placed in as part of this job
      • Folder (closedopen) Frequency in Environmental Conditions
        How often during a usual work period is the worker exposed to the following conditions:
        • Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable
          How often does this job require working exposed to sounds and noise levels that are distracting or uncomfortable?
          
        • Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures
          How often does this job require working in very hot (above 90 F degrees) or very cold (below 32 F degrees) temperatures?
          
        • Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions
          How often does this job require working in extremely bright or inadequate lighting conditions?
          
        • Exposed to Contaminants
          How often does this job require working exposed to contaminants (such as pollutants, gases, dust or odors)?
          
        • Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions
          How often does this job require working in cramped work spaces that requires getting into awkward positions?
          
        • Exposed to Whole Body Vibration
          How often does this job require exposure to whole body vibration (like operating a jackhammer or earth moving equipment)?
          
    • Folder (closedopen) Job Hazards
      Descriptions of types of hazardous conditions the worker could be exposed to as part of this job. This includes the frequency of exposure, and the likelihood and degree of injury if exposed.
      • Folder (closedopen) Frequency of Exposure to Job Hazards
        How often does this job require the worker to be exposed to the following hazards?
        • Exposed to Radiation
          How often does this job require exposure to radiation?
          
        • Exposed to Disease or Infections
          How often does this job require exposure to disease/infections?
          
        • Exposed to High Places
          How often does this job require exposure to high places?
          
        • Exposed to Hazardous Conditions
          How often does this job require exposure to hazardous conditions?
          
        • Exposed to Hazardous Equipment
          How often does this job require exposure to hazardous equipment?
          
        • Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings
          How often does this job require exposure to minor burns, cuts, bites, or stings?
          
      • Likelihood of Injury From Job Hazards
        What is the likelihood that the worker would be injured as a result of being exposed to the following hazards while performing this job?
        Data not collected
      • Degree of Injury
        If injury, due to exposure to the following hazards, were to occur while performing this job, how serious would be the likely outcome?
        Data not collected
    • Body Positioning
      Amount of time the worker will spend in a variety of physical positions on this job
      • Folder (closedopen) Time Spent in Body Positions
        How much time in a usual work period does the worker spend:
        • Spend Time Sitting
          How much does this job require sitting?
          
        • Spend Time Standing
          How much does this job require standing?
          
        • Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles
          How much does this job require climbing ladders, scaffolds, poles, etc.?
          
        • Spend Time Walking or Running
          How much does this job require walking or running?
          
        • Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling
          How much does this job require kneeling, crouching, stooping or crawling?
          
        • Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance
          How much does this job require keeping or regaining your balance?
          
        • Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls
          How much does this job require using your hands to handle, control, or feel objects, tools or controls?
          
        • Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body
          How much does this job require bending or twisting your body?
          
        • Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions
          How much does this job require making repetitive motions?
          
    • Work Attire
      Dress requirements of this job
      • Folder (closedopen) Frequency of Wearing Work Attire
        How often does the worker wear:
        • Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets
          How often does this job require wearing common protective or safety equipment such as safety shoes, glasses, gloves, hearing protection, hard hats or life-jackets?
          
        • Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection
          How often does this job require wearing specialized protective or safety equipment such as breathing apparatus, safety harness, full protection suits, or radiation protection?
          
  • Folder (closedopen) Structural Job Characteristics
    This category involves the relationships or interactions between the worker and the structural characteristics of the job
    • Folder (closedopen) Criticality of Position
      Amount of impact the worker has on final products and their outcomes
      • Consequence of Error
        How serious would the result usually be if the worker made a mistake that was not easily correctable?
        
      • Folder (closedopen) Impact of Decisions
        The frequency and nature of the impact of worker's decisions on the organization
        • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results
          What results do your decisions usually have on other people or the image or reputation or financial resources of your employer?
          
        • Frequency of Decision Making
          How often is the worker required to make decisions that affect other people, the financial resources, and/or the image and reputation of the organization?
          
      • Freedom to Make Decisions
        How much decision making freedom, without supervision, does the job offer?
        
    • Folder (closedopen) Routine versus Challenging Work
      The relative amounts of routine versus challenging work the worker will perform as part of this job
      • Degree of Automation
        How automated is the job?
        
      • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate
        How important is being very exact or highly accurate in performing this job?
        
      • Importance of Repeating Same Tasks
        How important are continuous, repetitive, physical activities (like key entry) or mental activities (like checking entries in a ledger) to performing this job?
        
      • Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals
        How much freedom does the worker have in determining the tasks, priorities, or goals of the job?
        
    • Competition
      Amount of competition that the worker will face as part of this job
      • Level of Competition
        To what extent does this job require the worker to compete or to be aware of competitive pressures?
        
    • Folder (closedopen) Pace and Scheduling
      Description of the role that time plays in the way the worker performs the tasks required by this job
      • Time Pressure
        How often does this job require the worker to meet strict deadlines?
        
      • Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment
        How important is it to this job that the pace is determined by the speed of equipment or machinery? (This does not refer to keeping busy at all times on this job.)
        
      • Work Schedules
        How regular are the work schedules for this job?
        
      • Duration of Typical Work Week
        Number of hours typically worked in one week.
        

Workforce Characteristics

• Folder (closedopen) Labor Market Information
  Current labor force characteristics of occupations
  • Occupational Statistics
    Information related to economic conditions and labor force characteristics of occupations
    
• Folder (closedopen) Occupational Outlook
  Future labor force characteristics of occupations
  • Occupational Projections
    Projections of future economic conditions and labor force characteristics of occupations
    

Occupation-Specific Information

• Folder (closedopen) Title
  Primary title and code used to identify a single occupation in the O*NET-SOC taxonomy
  • Title
    O*NET-SOC occupation title and code
    
• Folder (closedopen) Description
  A statement of required or important duties performed by workers in an occupation in the O*NET-SOC taxonomy.
  • Description
    O*NET-SOC occupation description
    
• Folder (closedopen) Alternate Titles
  Alternate or "lay titles" include related job titles and occupational titles gathered from job incumbents, occupational experts, government agencies, professional groups, customer input, employer job postings, and other occupational classification systems.
  • Alternate Titles List
    List of alternate titles
    
  • Sample of Reported Titles List
    List of sample of reported titles
    
• Folder (closedopen) Tasks
  Occupation-Specific Tasks
  • Task List
    List of tasks for each occupation
    
• Folder (closedopen) Technology Skills
  Information technology and software skills essential to the functions of an occupational role.
  • Technology Skills List
    List of technology skills for each occupation.
    
• Folder (closedopen) Tools
  Machines, equipment, and tools essential to the performance of an occupational role.
  • Tools List
    List of machines, equipment, and tools for each occupation.